Quantitative Aptitude Course in Chennai by KCS Education Ratio and proportion Ratio: Ratio of a and b is the fraction a/b represented as a : b, Here a is called as antecedent and b is called as consequent. Rule: Multiplication or division of each term in a ratio will not affect the ratio. Example: 4 : 7 = 8 : 14 = 12 : 21 15 : 20 = 3 : 4 Proportion: The equality of two ratios is called Proportion. If a : b :: c : d means a : b = c : d, we say a, b, c, d are in proportion. Here in the expression, a : b :: c : d, a, d are called extremes and b, c are called mean terms. Product of extremes = Product of means a x d = b x c (i) Third Proportion: if a:b = b:c, then c is called as the third proportion to a and b. (ii) Mean Proportional: Mean proportional between a and b is √ (a x b) (iii) Fourth Proportional: If a:b=c:d, then d is called the fourth proportional to a,b,c (i) Comparison of Ratios: if (a:b) > (c:d), then (a/b) > (c/d) (ii) Compounded Ratio: Consider the ratio, (a:b), (c:d), (e:f) then (a c e : b d f) is called as compounded ratio . (i) Duplicate ratio of (a:b) is (a2:b2) (ii) Sub Duplicate ratio of (a:b) is (√a: √b) (iii) Triplicate ratio of (a:b) is (a3:b3) (iv) Sub Triplicate ratio of (a:b) is (3√a : 3√b) (v) If a/b = c/d, then, (a+b)/(a-b)=(c+d)/(c-d) . This is called as Componendo – Dividendo Rule Visit http://www.ekcs.in for our course details