HOW DOES THE COVID-19 VACCINE WORK? PART III Secondly, the spike proteins can be secreted or freely released into the bloodstream where they encounter B cells (white cells that are formed in the bone marrow). Then, the B cells have a special receptor that bind and engulf the spike proteins and present the spike protein on their cell surface to the helper T cells, considered the "commander of the immune response". The T cells send special chemical signals called cytokines to activate the B cells to proliferate and differentiate into many plasma cells that can then produce many more antibodies against each spike protein. In addition, B cells are multiplied into numerous memory B cells so that the next time they encounter the spike proteins B cell conversion to plasma cells and antibody production are amplified. At the same time the helper T cells send other cytokines to stimulate the cytotoxic T cells to kill more infected muscle cells as well as multiply them to memory cytotoxic T cells for future amplification of killing of infected cells. https://dryangwaikiki.com/ https://m.facebook.com/Sung-S-Yang-MD-108650290966870/