(Original)Orthopedists specialize in conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system: the body’s bones, muscles, tendons and joints. For example, they treat arthritis, scoliosis and bone injuries. Orthopedists and orthopedic surgeons can specialize in areas like the spine, hands, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee or ankle and foot. All orthopedists are orthopedic surgeons. However, the two terms are often used interchangeably. Orthopedic surgeons help prevent, diagnose and treat orthopedic conditions, plus perform surgery if necessary. Since musculoskeletal pain is a common condition for patients seeking orthopedic care, specialists often provide rehabilitation and pain management care. For foot conditions, a patient might seek out a podiatrist instead of an orthopedic surgeon. Each specialty has its own distinct training requirements: Podiatrists, for example, are required to complete two years of residency training in addition to their medical school education. Post-med school, orthopedic surgeons typically complete five years of orthopedic residency, one year of generalized medical training and four years in orthopedic surgery training.