Osteopenia and Osteoarthritis: What You Should Know Osteepenia is a condition causing softening of the bones, bone is being broken down quicker than it is being created. it normally occurs over the age of 50 and postmenopausal women are at risk due to reduced estrogen levels. Estrogen promotes the activity of osteoblasts which produce bone. Genetics and medical conditions also play a role. Conditions such as hyperthyroidism, coeliac disease, eating disorders, and medications such as corticosteroids, chemotherapy and radiotherapy can cause osteopenia. Lifestyle factors such as alcohol, fizzy drinks, lack of exercise, smoking, and lack of vitamin D also play a role. If osteopenia advances, osteoporosis results causing further weakening of the bones and an increase risk of fracture, loss of height, stooped posture, and back pain due to collapsed vertebrae. Complementary medicine can offer nutritional medicines to reduce pain and improve bone density.