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Overview
First Amendment Freedoms: A Reference Handbook provides a comprehensive, objective, and accessible source of critically important information on the First Amendment freedoms of religion, speech, and assembly, and the post-Civil War Fourteenth Amendment. Geared for high school and college readers, it covers relevant historical events from the adoption of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights to the array of Supreme Court cases that further defined the scope and limits of First Amendment freedoms.
Composed of seven chapters, plus a glossary and index, the volume will present the background and history of the First Amendment; problems, controversies, and solutions; a perspectives chapter with nine original essay contributions; profiles of the leading actors and organizations involved in First Amendment politics; governmental data and excerpts of primary documents on the topic; and a resources chapter comprising an annotated list of the key books, scholarly jourbanals, and nonprint sources on the topic. It closes with a detailed chronology of major events concerning First Amendment freedoms.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9781440869297 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Bloomsbury Academic |
| Publication date: | 03/01/2021 |
| Series: | Contemporary World Issues |
| Pages: | 392 |
| Product dimensions: | 6.35(w) x 9.25(h) x 1.30(d) |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Preface xv
1 Background and History 1
Introduction: Why the Bill of Rights Established the First Amendment's Freedoms 1
Freedom of Assembly 2
Freedom of the Press 7
Freedom of Speech 12
Freedom of Religion 17
The Constitution and the First Amendment 22
The Rise of Homegrown Minority Religions 26
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (the Mormons) 27
The Seventh-Day Adventist Church 31
Jehovah's Witnesses 34
The Nation of Islam 36
Non-Christian Minority Religions and First Amendment Freedoms 39
Jewish Americans 39
Muslim Americans 41
Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism 43
Native American Religions 44
Atheists and Agnostics 45
The Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause 47
Conclusion 47
Further Reading 49
2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions 57
Introduction 57
Freedom of Religion and the Establishment Clause 60
Aid to Church-Related Schools 62
Religion in Public Education 66
Government-Sponsored Religious Displays 68
Prayers in Public Schools 71
Sabbatarian Laws (Blue Laws) 73
Religious Institutions Functioning as Government Agencies 75
Tax Exemption to Religious Institutions 76
Legislative Chaplains and Prayers 78
Standing to Sue in Establishment Challenges 79
Teaching Creationism in Public Schools 80
Unequal Government Treatment of Religious Groups 81
Free Exercise Clause 81
Solicitations by Religious Groups 82
Religious Tests for Public Benefits or Services 84
Free Exercise and Public Education 87
Religion and the Right to Work 89
Government Intrusion into Church Internal Affairs 93
Free Exercise versus Eminent Domain 97
Free Exercise of Religion versus Freedom of Speech 98
Polygamy and Religious Freedom Rights 99
Ritual Sacrifice of Animals and Religious Freedom 100
Freedom of Speech 101
Freedom of the Press 107
Freedom to Assemble and Petition the Government for Redress of Grievances 111
Conclusion 116
Further Reading 117
3 Perspectives 121
Introduction 121
The First Amendment and the Struggle for Civil Rights Kenneth Bedell 121
Creationism and Religious Freedom Michelle D. Deardorff 124
The First Amendment and the School House Gate: The Rise, Decline, and Uncertain Future of Student Speech Rights Joshua Dunn 130
Mexican Americans and the First Amendment Devin Fernandes 133
The Supreme Court and Freedom of Religion Timothy R. Johnson Siyu Li 137
The First Amendment, Bible Reading, and the Use of "Under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance Scott A. Merriman 140
When Speech Becomes Untrustworthy John R. Vile 143
Establishment of Religion by the Free Exercise Thereof David L Weddle 147
The First Amendment and Native American Religion David Zeh 151
4 Profiles 157
Introduction 157
Governmental Organizations 157
Attorney General and Solicitor General of the United Stares 157
Office of the President of the United States (POTUS) 159
Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) 160
U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) 162
U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) 163
Nongovernmental Organizations 165
Access Now 165
American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC) 166
American Atheists (AA) 168
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) 169
Americans for Religious Liberty (ARL) 170
Americans United for Separation of Church and State (AU) 172
Bill of Rights Institute (BRI) 174
Center for the Study of Law and Religion (CSLR) 175
Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) 176
First Amendment Coalition (FAC) 178
Freedom Forum Institute (FFI) 179
Freedom from Religion Foundation (FFRF) 179
Freedom House 181
Free Speech Center 181
Human Rights House Foundation 182
Jehovah's Witnesses (JW) 182
Knight First Amendment Freedom Institute 183
National Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty (PEARL) 184
Seventh-Day Adventist Church (SDA) 184
People: Governmental Stakeholders 186
William Brennan (1906-1997), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 186
Warren Burger (1907-1995), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 188
George W. Bush (1946-), President of the United States 189
Ted Cruz (1970-), United States Senator 190
Ruth Bader Ginsburg (1933-2020), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 192
Alberto Gonzales (1955-), Attorney General of the United States 193
Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804), Secretary of the Treasury 194
Charles Evan Hughes (1862-1948), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 196
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), President of the United States 197
Anthony Kennedy (1936-), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 198
Joseph Lieberman (1942-), United States Senator 199
James Madison (1751-1836), President of the United States 200
Barack Obama (1961-), President of the United States 201
Sandra Day O'Connor (1930-), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 202
William Rehnquist (1924-2005), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 203
John Roberts (1955-), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 205
Antonin Scalia (1936-2016), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 207
Potter Stewart (1915-1985), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 208
Donald J. Trump (1946-), President of the United States 210
Earl Warren (1891-1974), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 210
People: Nongovernmental Stakeholders 211
Eugene Debs (1855-1926) 212
James Dobson (1936-) 213
Madalyn Murray O'Hair (1919-1995) 213
Ron Reagan (1958-) 214
Ralph Reed (1961-) 215
Melissa Rogers (unknown-) 216
John Witte Jr. (1959-) 217
John Peter Zenger (1697-1746) 218
Further Reading 219
5 Data and Documents 223
Introduction 223
Data 223
Table 5.1 Religious Freedom Supreme Court Cases 223
Table 5.2 Key Supreme Court Cases on First Amendment Issues 226
Documents 233
The Maryland Toleration Act (1649) 233
The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1786) 237
Constitutional Provisions 240
Letter from James Madison to Edward Livingston (July 10, 1822) 241
Missouri Governor Lilburn W. Boggs's Order of Extermination, Missouri Executive Order Number 44 (1838) 244
The Espionage Act (June 15, 1917) 245
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) 250
The American Indian Religious Freedom Act (August 11, 1978) 253
Denial of Equal Access Prohibited (1984) 254
Edwards v. Aguillard (1987) 256
Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn et al. (2011) 259
6 Resources 263
Introduction 263
Print Resources 263
Books 263
Scholarly Journals 289
Nonprint Resources 296
Films 296
Videos 302
7 Chronology 309
Glossary 327
Index 337